Index
Abel, 266
abiogenesis, 53, 191-92,
195-200 (see also origin of life)
of chemical
compounds, 197
of first
cell, 195-97
abyssal, ecological zone
of ocean, 122-23
Adam, 252, 254-55, 266,
308
adaptive grid, zones, 49-50,
51
Aegilops, 204, 205
Aegyptopithecus,
95, 97
Agnostic Period of evolutionary
thought, 45
agnosticism, 276
albumin, 208
Alexandrian
Judaism,
240
school
of allegorism, 240
allegorism, 240-41
alleles, 43, 172-73, 183,
216-18
allopolyploidy, 202-3, 205
allozymes, 218
alpha helix, 154
amino acids, 148, 150, 151
analyzer,
75, 210
code
for, 153
racemization,
75, 108, 114
selection
of, 220
sequence,
164,
222
sequencing
of, 154, 206, 209-11, 214, 228
structure
of, 152
substitution
210,
211-12, 218, 220
synthesis,
197-98
amniotes, 132, 134
amniotic egg, 90-91
amphibians, 88-91
evolution
of, 88-91
heart
of, 135, 136-37
vertebra
of, 132 134-35
anaerobic cell, 196-97
anagenesis, 52
anatomist, comparative,
49
anatomy as evidence of common
ancestor, 132-44
aneuploidy, 166
animism, 299
Annelida, 88
annelids, 87-88
anthropologists, 98, 106,
114, 268
antibiotics, 180
antibody, 138, 139,
207-8
antigen, 207-8
Antiochian school, 240
ape(s), 94, 95, 102, 104,
105 passim
compared
to baboon, 106
modern,
98-99
appendix, human, 138,
139
Appert, Francois, 192
Aquinas, Thomas, 238, 240,
277
Archaeopteryx, 91,
92,
93
Aristotle, 27, 191, 238,
275
arthropods, 87-88
artifact(s), 105, 113, 114,
117, 266, 281
asthenosphere, 125
atheistic ideas, 296-97
atheists, 252
atomic physics, 83
atomists, 275
Augustine, 237, 304
Australian, biogeographic
realm, 119, 120
australopithecine(s), 95,
101, 103, 104, 106
Australopithecus, 95-96,
98-99, 100-101, 102-7, 108, 117
[321]
autopolyploids, 202
Avery, O. T., 146
Ayes, Clarence E., 283
baboon, 106
Babylonian
creation,
243-45
flood,
243, 288
Bacillus subtilis, 177
backcross, 203
Bateson, William, 42-43,
45
bathyal, ecological zone
of ocean, 122-23
Beagle, H. M. S., 125
beans, 35, 42
beetles, 48
beginning, in Genesis, 261,
262
behaviorists, 286
Bible
bias
against, 296
creation
story in, 251-56, 260-67, 302-11
exegesis
of, 285
fiat
creationists' view of, 246
harmonization
of science to, 295
infallibility
of, 254
interpretation
of, 252, 297
liberal
view of, 287-88
life
without, 296
literal
meaning of, 240-41
naturalists'
view of, 289
progressive
creationists' view of, 247
revelation
of God in, 251
study
of, 241-42
theistic
evolutionists' view of, 246
writers
of, 251, 255, 257, 259-61, 264
biogenetic law, 143-44
biogeographers, 123, 128
biogeographic realms, 120-21
fauna
distribution in, 119-21, 123, 125, 128
marine, 121, 123
marsupial, 118
migration theory of, 123
related to flood, 267
flora
distribution in, 119-20, 125, 128
Clasmatocolea vermicularis, 125, 126
magnolias, 119
marine, 121, 123
list
of, 119, 120, 121
biogeography
continental
drift, theory of, 123, 124, 125, 128, 267
study
of, 118-19, 120-21, 122-28, 252, 268
bipedalism, 101
birds
amino
acid substitution rate in proteins of, 210
Archaeobteryx,
91, 92, 93
bones
of, 133
creation
of, 311
eggs
of, 91
evolution
of, 91, 93
eyelid
of, 140
feathers
of, 91
finches,
52, 126, 127
heart
of, 136, 137
sparrow,
140
Biston
betularia
(peppered moth), 46, 181,
182, 183
carbonaria,182
bottle neck effect, 171
Boveri, T., 43
Brongniart, Alexandre, 58
Broom, Robert, 102, 106
broth, meat, 192-94
Bruce, F. F., 233
Bube dictim, 254
Bube, Richard, 247
budding, common to cell,
200
Buffon, George de, 30, 83
on species,
28
Epoques
de la Nature, 56
burial, associated with
fossil humans, 108, 116, 266
Buswell, James O., II, Jr.,
255, 301-13
Buswell, J. O., III, 267
butterfly (see Papilio)
Cain, 267
cancer, skin, 188
[322]
canning method, 192
capitalists, 284
carbon-14 dating, 65, 70-71,
75
cataclysm(s), 252, 309,
312
cataclysmic
event,
268, 312
flood
geology, 246
catastrophe(s),
56-57
flood, 248
formed fossils, 82
catastrophists, 56
Catholic church, 241, 296
cave dweller, 114, 116
cell
anaerobic,
196-97
first,
195-200
structure
of, 128-32
eucaryotic, 129-32
compared to procaryote, 130-31
evolution of, 131-32
organelles, 130-31
procaryotic, 129-32
compared to eucaryote, 130-31
evolution of 131-32
center of origin, 128
chemostat, 177-78,
201
Chetverikov, S. S. 45
chick, embryo, 129, 142
chimpanzee(s), 52, 95,
98-99, 104-5
infant,
102
modern,
98
organismal
differences, 222
proteins
of, 211, 214, 215
Christ
cross
of, 253, 288
gospel
of, 287
time
of, 237
Christian View of Origins,
A (England), 246
Christianity
bias
against, 298
evangelical,
290
Christian(s), 239, 269,
296-97
intellectual,
295
theism,
234, 238-39
chromosomes
crossing
over, 44-45
homologous,
43
mutations
of, 164-68
cladogenesis (kladogenesis),
52
Clark, LeGros, 100, 104,
106
Clasmatocolea vermicularis,
distribution of; 125, 126
classicist, 45-46
classless society, 284
clock
evolutionary,
214
molecular,
219
paleontological,
58
closed system, 197, 275,
279, 283, 289
coacervate droplets, 196,
199-200
coccygeal vertebrae, 140,
141
codon, 150-51, 153, 164
Colm, Gerhard, 283
communism, 283
Comte, Auguste, 280, 287
condyle(s), 90, 105, 114
conscience
of animals,
286
of humans,
285-86
continental drift, 123,
124,
125, 128, 268
convergence in evolution,
52
Copernican (see also
heliocentric issue)
revolution
28
theory,
297
Copernicus, 236
Correns, 38
cosmic dust, 195
cosmogony, 305
Covenant, 243
Cranium KNM-ER-1470, 107,
108, 117
creation, 250
in the
"beginning," 261
date
of, 252, 259
days
of, 248-49, 252-56
fiat creationists' view of, 252
progressive creationists' view of, 247, 254-56
theistic evolutionists' view of, 252-55
of humans,
253, 263
"morning
and evening" in, 264-65
recent,
260
theories
of
day-age, 247, 248, 260-66
gap, 267
two Adams, 267
week,
253
creation account, 238, 243-49,
252-53 (see also Genesis account)
fiat
creationists’ view on, 246-47, 252
progressive
creationists' view on, 247, 254-56
theistic
evolutionists' view on, 246-47, 252-54
Creator (see God, Creator)
Cretaceous era, 76, 84,
123, 124, 213
Crick, F., 146, 147,
298
cross, 253, 288
crossopterygian
fossils
of, 88-90
vertebra
of, 132, 134, 135
Cuvier, Baron George, 56,
58
cytochrome c, 210-12
Dark Ages, 238
Dart, Raymond A., 102, 106
Darwin, Charles, 29, 32,
33, 298
and biogeography,
128
and concept
of struggle for existence, 284
on Creator,
226-27, 276
criteria
for fittest, 227-28
a dualist,
285
evolutionary
concept, 276-77
Expression
of Emotion in Man andAnimals,
285
on finches,
Galapagos, 52, 126
on Galapagos
plants, 126
Hegel's
influence on, 276
ideas
influenced
economics, 282-83
educational theories, 279-80
epistemology, 277
ethics, 277
ontology, 277
philosophy, 277-78
political systems, 283-84
psychology, 284
religion, 287-89
society, 280-81
investigation
of pigeons, 186-87
Malthus's
influence on, 281
Marx
on, 284
natural
selection concept, 38, 125, 201, 226, 276
Origin of
the Species, 29-30, 32, 125, 276, 287, 295
questioned
the mind, 289
South
American trip, 29, 52, 125-27
on speciation,
204
Darwin, Erasmus, 28
Darwinian revolution, 225-26,
295
Darwinism, discussed, 29
dating
absolute
(finite), 57-58, 78
amino
acid racemization, 75, 108, 114
concordant
ages, 71-73
discordant
ages, 71-73
of human
fossils, 75
law of
faunal and floral succession, 58
law of
radioactivity, 63
law of
superposition, 58
meteorites,
74
radioactive,
59-65, 73, 249
law of half-life, 62
law of radioactivity, 63
radiocarbon,
74
radiometric,
58-59, 78
radiometric
methods, 65-78
carbon-14 (C-14), 65, 70-71
lead-lead, 67-68
potassium-argon, 69, 104, 108, 112
rubidium-strontium, 70
thorium-lead, 67
uranium-lead, 67-68
radiometric
racemization, 74, 108, 114
relative,
57-58
reliability
of, 71-75
tiepoints
in, 75, 78
da Vinci, Leonardo, 55
day(s)
chart
of, 301
of creation,
254-56, 310
first, 262, 303, 306-7, 309
second, 262, 307-8
third, 260, 262, 263-64, 308-9
fourth, 260, 262, 263, 304, 308-9
fifth, 260, 262, 264, 308
sixth, 255, 260, 262, 264-65, 308-9, 310
[324]
seventh, 262, 265, 305-6, 309-10
creative,
302
figuratively
used, 302, 311
of Genesis,
254-56, 304-13
last,
260
literal,
310-11
models
of
modified intermittent-day, 261, 262, 263-66
overlapping day-age, 261, 262, 263-66
periods, 248, 249, 254, 262, 309-10
solar,
255, 256, 303, 310, 311
theories
on
day-age, 247, 248, 260-66
twenty-four-hour creation days, 248, 249, 255, 256, 265, 303, 304-6
DDT, 181
de Buffon, George (see
Buffon,
George de)
deduction, 236
de Lamarck, Chevalier (see
Lamarck,
Chevalier de)
Deluge, 56, 243, 252, 269
(see also Flood; Noachian Deluge; Noachian Flood)
de Nouy, L., 93
dentition, 98, 99, 100-101,
105, 106 passim
definition
of, 95
Homo
erectus, 112, 113-14
Descartes, Rene_, 55, 191,
238, 274
mechanistic
world view of, 238
Philosophiae
Principia, 55
de Vries, Hugo, 38, 42-43,
202, 284
Dewey, John, 277-79, 288
on pragmatism,
286
Reconstruction,
279
Diadectes, 90-91
dialectic law, 283
dialectical reason, 276
dialectics, 284
Diarthrognathus, 91,
93
Diplococcus pneumoniae
(diplococci),
145,
146
divergence, in evolution,
52, 87, 211-12, 213-14
DNA, 131, 145-48, 149,
151, 158-64
acquisition
of, 219
base
pairing, 160-61
content
in animals, 220
hybridization,
207, 214
of mammal,
220
model
of, 147
replication,
148, 149, 163, 197, 200
structure,
146-49
bases, 147
nucleoside, 147
nucleotide, 147, 178, 206, 212, 214
Dobzhansky, Theodosius,
46, 49, 215
on ethics,
297
Genetics
and the Origin of Species, 46
Dodson, Edward O., 45
Dodson, Peter, 45
Dollo's law, 52
double helix (DNA), 147
Drosophila (fruit fly),
31,
216, 264
birchii,
178,
179,
180
chromosomes
of, 224
melanogaster,
43,
45, 162
persimilis,
187
pseudoobscura,
217,
218
genetic drift in, 172
research on, in Bogota, 187
dryopithecine(s), 97, 98
Dryopithecus, 95,
96, 97-98, 99
dualism, 234-35
earth, 248-49
age of,
55, 59
ancient,
249
antiquity
of, 247
fiat creationists' view of, 252
progressive creationists' view of, 254-66
new,
265, 306, 310
origin
of, 262
Big Bang, 262
Star Formation Model, 261
young,
246, 252
echinoderm, 143
ecological zones
of ocean,
121-23
[325]
terrestrial,
120, 122
economics, influenced by
evolution, 282-83
educational theories, influenced
by evolution, 279-80
educators
progressive,
279-80
traditional
essentialists, 280
Einstein's theory, 296
Eldredge, Niles, 224
electron microscopy, 130
electrophoresis, 208, 209,
214, 216, 217, 218
Elpistostege, transitional
fossil, 90
embryologist, 49
embryology, 142-44
empirical adequacy, 175
empirical method, 174-75
empiricists, 235
Engel, 284
England, Donald
Christian
View of Origins, A, 246
criticism
of chemical evolution, 196
Enlightenment, 28, 276
entropy, 197
Enuma elfish, 243
environment, 279, 281, 286
enzymes, 153-57
allozymes,
218
esterases,
217-18
heterzygosity
of, 217
lock-and-key
theory of, 155, 156, 207
polymorphism
of, 216-17
Epic of Gilgamesh, 243
Epoques de la Nature
(de
Buffon), 56
Escherichia coli, 157
mutations
of, 160-63, 178, 227
operons
of, 158
Essay on Population (Malthus),
29, 281
esterases (see enzymes)
ethics, 281, 299
Ethiopian, biogeographic
realm, 119, 120
eucaryotic cell, 129-32,
222
compared
to procaryote, 130-31
evolution
of, 131-32
operons
questioned, 158
evangelical(s), 237, 246,
287, 297
Eve, 253, 256
evening
in Genesis,
262, 303-4
primrose,
38, 202
evolution, 43, 80, 132,
144, 174, 206
atheistic,
252
bacterial,
201
biological,
215
of carbohydrates,
197
chemical,
196-97,
201
convergence
in, 52
divergence
in, 52, 87
of first
cell, 195-201
genetic,
206
of genetic
code, 153
genetic
drift in, 170-73
of heart,
135,
136-37
historical,
49, 284
of humans,
86-117, 284
levels
of, 48
molecular, 215, 218-28
organic, 228
organismal, 221
morphological,
rate of, 206
of new
species, 187
parallel,
51
polyploidy
in, 170, 204
of protein,
214-20
radiation
in, 52
raw material
of, 29, 145, 158, 163, 168-70, 176, 227
synthetic
version, 46
teleology
in, 226-27
of terrestrial
plants, 50
theistic
evolutionists on, 246-47, 254
transpecific,
205
of vertebra,
132, 134, 135
vertebrates,
rates of, 213-14
evolutionary theory
neo-classicist,
45
synthetic,
46, 53
evolutionists, 128, 204-6,
211, 252-64
on anatomy,
132
on hearts,
137
theistic,
246-47, 252-54
on vestigial
organs, 142
view
of natural selection, 226-28
existentialism, 290
[326]
Expression of Emotion
in Man and Animals (Darwin), 285
Fall, human, 247, 252, 267
fall, of Satan, 312
Fascism, 285
feathers, 91
fiat creationists
on creation
and flood, 246-47
on earth's
age, 252
on fossils,
268
on human's
age, 266
fibrinopeptides, 210-12,
219
Filby, F. A., 268
finches, Galapagos, 52,
126
beaks,
126
distribution
of, 127
fire, and fossils, 108,
112, 114, 266
fish
amino
acid substitution rate in proteins of, 210
embryo
of, 142
evolution
of, 88-90
heart
of, 135, 136
Fisher, R. A., 45
Flood, 55, 57, 248-249,
268, 288 (see also Deluge; Noachian Deluge; Noachian Flood)
date
of, 259
local,
268-69
universal,
268-69
fossil record, 45, 224-25
biased,
81-82
incomplete,
80-82
Neo-Darwinists'
view of, 51
primate
evolution in, 101
related
to species selection, 224-25
fossils
amphibians,
123
ancient
(extinct), 58
classification
of, 82-86
to date
humans, 75
to date
rocks, 58
dentition
of, 81, 95, 97-100, 101-2, 106, 112-13 passim
earth's
age, revealing, 55-56
fauna,
108, 114
formation
of, 80-82
human,
94-117
Australopithecus,
95-96, 98-99,
100-101,102-6,
108
Dryopithecus,
95-96, 97-98, 99
Homo erectus, 95-96, 100-101, 104-5,
109-10, 112-13,
116-17
Neanderthalensis,
9596, 105, 108-9, 111,114-16
Pliopithecus,
95, 96-97
Ramapithecus,
95-96, 98-99
index,
58
in medieval
times, 55
modern
(living), 58, 88, 225
relative
dating of, 57-58
reptile,
90-91, 123
speciation
of, 32
transitional,
86-94
types
of, 80-81
marine, 81
terrestrial, 81
founder effect, 172
Fracastoro, 55
Francesco, Redi, 191
Freud, Sigmund, 283-84
frog, 133, 136, 151
fruit fly (see Drosophila)
functionalists, 286
Fundamentals (Green),
256
Galapagos islands, 29, 52,
126, 127
Galbraith, John Kenneth,
283
Galileo, 236, 297-98
Galton, Francis, 33
gap theory, 248,
267, 312
Garden of Eden, 255-56
gel-electrophoresis, 208,
209
(see also electrophoresis)
gene(s), 36-37, 146, 168
crossing
over of, 44, 165
duplication
of, 219
frequency
changes, 170, 171, 182-83
mu,
162
new term,
34
substitution,
219
genealogies, Genesis, 252,
254, 256-58
general theory of evolution,
28, 53, 176, 191, 195, 295 (see also
macroevolution; megaevolution;
[327] synthetic theory of evolution; transpecific evolution)
Genesis account, 242-43,
246-47, 261, 297-98 (see also Creation account)
Christians
study interpretations of, 297
compared
to Babylonian account, 244-45
of creation,
243-47, 252-56, 302-13
of Deluge,
243
of Flood,
242, 268-69
progressive
creationists' on, 254
theistic
evolutionists on, 252-54
genetic code, 151-52, 153
genetic drift, 220-21, 170-73
genetics
Mendelian,
34-40
molecular,
180, 206-7
population,
168-73
recombination
in, 43
science
of, 32
Genetics and the Origin
of Species (Dobzhansky), 46
genomes, 222
genotype, 37, 38,
43, 171
geochronologists, 68, 72
geochronology, 59-60, 62,
78
geographical barriers, 51
geographical column, 57-58,
71, 75, 78, 263
dating
of, 57-60
fossil
distribution in, 86-87
strata
of, 75, 76, 77, 78
geologic time, 57, 58, 62,
119
geological
time
scale, 49, 58, 76-77, 84-85
credence of, 78
construction of, 75
timetable,
56, 260
geologists, 55
Christian,
312
contemporary,
57
flood,
56-57, 269
modern,
302
physical,
57, 302
view
of cooling earth, 306
geology, 55
harmonized
with Scripture, 302, 306, 311-12
historic,
56-57
modern,
56
gibbon, 95, 97, 98
Gibson, James J., 286
Gilgamesh, 243
gill(s), 88, 144
giraffe, 39
glacial
period(s),
108, 112, 115, 116, 309
sequence,
105
glacier(s), 188, 307
Gnostic(s), 235, 237
Gnosticism, 235
God
and attitude
on time, 301
Author
of Bible, 241
bias
against, 298
creative
act(s) of, 128, 261, 310
and creation,
234, 238-39, 248-49, 263-64
as Creator,
191, 226-27, 234-35, 237, 246, 251
design by, 144, 153, 227
of humans, 253-56, 310
of vertebrate hearts, 137
restrained, 282
as designer,
226
in Genesis
account, 243-45, 248-49, 251-56,302-13
of Hebrews,
243
humans
in image of, 252
life
without, 296
maker
of universe, 276
Goldschmidt, Richard B.,
48-59, 166, 222-24
Gondwanda, 123, 124,
125
gorilla, 95, 98, 102, 104,
106, 211
Gould, Stephen Jay, 224
Graecopithecus, 95,
98
Greece, 27
Greek
atomists,
275
influence
on Bible interpretation, 240
lexicons,
241
view
of existence, 235
Green, W. H., 233
on date
of flood, 259
Fundamentals,
256
[328]
Grene, M., 228, 299
Griffith, F., 145-46
Guyot, Arnold, 262
gypsy moth (see Lymantria
dispar)
Haeckel, E., 143
Haldane, J. B. S., 45, 223
Hardy, G. H., 168-70
Hardy-Weinberg model, 168-70
Harrison, R. K., 233, 242
Harvey, William, 191
heart, evolution of, 132,
135, 136, 137
heavens, new, 306, 310
Hebrew(s), 241, 243
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich,
276, 277
Hegelian System, 283
Heidel, Alexander, 243-45
heliocentric issue, 236
(see also Copernican theory)
hemoglobin(s), 151, 155,
210-11, 219
amino
acid substitution rate of, 121
structure
of, 155
mutant,
185
in sickle
cell anemia, 183
synthesis
of, in frog and rabbit, 151
Heraclitus, 27
hermaphroditic, 204
heterozygosity, 217-18
heterozygote, 184, 218
heterozygous, 37, 183
Hillel, 240
Hodge, C., 266
Holaractic, biogeographic
realm, 119
Hominoidea, 94, 95,
96
Homo, 95,
98, 107, 108
africanus,
102
erectus,
95-96,
100-101, 104-5, 116-17 passim
compared to H. neanderthalensis and modern human, 108, 109, 110,
111
locations where found, 113
use of fire, 112, 114, 266
erectus
pekinensis, 108
habilis,
100,102,
104, 105
neanderthalensis
(Neanderthal),
95-96,
105,108-9, 111, 114-16,226 passim
sapiens,
95-96,
113-14, 116-17, 266 passim
sapiens
neanderthalensis, 116
sp.
inlet., 96, 108
homologous bones, 133
homology, 132-33
homozygote, 218
homozygous, 183
Hooke, Robert, 55
Horowitz, 201
humanism, relativistic,
288
humanist, 296
humanistic view, 239, 269
human(s)
antiquity
of, 266-68
conscience,
285-86
embryo
of, 142
modern,
95,
102-5, 108, 111-12, 114, 116-17
compared to A. africanus,
104
skulls of, 103, 110, 111
race,
unity of, 266-67
Hume, David, 236
hunter(s), Homo as,
114, 116
Hutton, James (Theory
of the Earth), 56
Huxley, J. S., 46, 298
Hylobatidae, 95,
96, 97
Hylonomus, reptile,
91
hypocentrum (intercentra),
in vertebra, 89, 132, 134
Ichthyostega, 88,
89, 90
idealistic realism, 174
immune system, 138-39
immunology, 207-8
Implication of Evolution,
The (Kerkut), 53
induction, used by empiricists,
237
industrial melanism, 46,
181-83
industrialization, effects
on evolution, 181-83
inheritance
acquired,
33, 42
basic
laws of, 34
blending
type, 32
Mendelian-Lamarckian
theory, 32-40
insecticides, 181
[329]
insects
amino
acid substitution rate in proteins of, 210
creation
of pollinating, 264, 309
evolutionary
change in, 181
resistance
to DDT, 181
interglacial period, 114,
115,
116
interplanetary travelers,
195
irradiation, 139,
162, 163, 179-80
irradiation-caused mutation(s),
163
Israel, faith of, 243
James, William, 277, 281,
286
jaws, 97-99, 100,
105, 112, 113, 114 passim
Jeremiah's cataclysmic change,
312
Jesus, historical, 241
Joblot, Louis, 192
Johannsen, W., 42
Jordan, David Starr, 118
Jordan's rule, 118
Judeo-Christian ideas, 279,
298
Kant, Immanuel, 236
Kelvin, Lord, 59
Kenyapithecus, 95,
98
Kepler, 236
Kerkut, G. A.
Implication
of Evolution, The, 53
on missing
links, 87
"kind(s),"
of Genesis, 83, 263-64
kladogenesis (cladogenesis),
52
Korzhinsky, S. I., 43
labyrinthodont, 88-89,
134, 135
Lake Rudolf, 104, 108
Lamarck, Chevalier de, 28,
29, 30, 33
theory
compared to Mendel's, 39-40
theory
in use, 175
Laurasia, 123, 124
laws of inheritance, 34
law(s) of nature, 55, 280
laws of Mendel
law of
independent assortment, 34
law of
segregation, 34, 38
Leakey, L. S. B., 100,
104, 113
Leakey, Mary, 104
Leakey, R. E. F., 104, 108
Lederberg, Joshua, 40-41
Leeuwenhoek, Anton von,
191
Lehmann, J. G., 57
Lehninger, A. L., 199
lepospondyls, vertebrae
of, 89
Lewis, G. Edward, 98
Lewontin, R. C., 45, 206,
225
lexicography, 242
lexicons, 241
liberals, 287
Lightfoot, John, 252
Linnaean Society, 29
Linnaeus, Carolus, 30, 83
Limnocardiidae, 225
Limnopithecus, 95,
97
lithosphere, 125
littoral, ecological zone
of ocean, 122, 123
lock-and-key theory, 155,
156,
207
logic, 276
love, 278, 289
Lyell, Charles
classified
fossiliferous rocks, 58
Principles
of Geology, 56
Lymantria dispar (gypsy
moth), 223-24
Lysenko, T. D., 175
Lysorophus, vertebrae
of, 89
McCarty, M. J., 146
machine
human,
238, 275, 289
nature
as a, 299
universe
as a, 238
world
as a, 238, 276
Macleod, C. M., 146
macroevolution, 49, 50,
53, 176, 228, 295 (see also general theory of evolution;
megaevolution; synthetic
theory of evolution; transpecific evolution)
above
species level, 201
between
zones, 51
difficulties
of, 86, 176, 224, 228
empirical
documentation questioned, 205-14
modern
evolutionists on, 224-25
mutation
in, 221-25
natural
selection in, 215-21
not by
natural selection, 225-26
species
in, 224-26
macromolecules, 196,
198
[330]
malaria, 184,185
Malthus, Thomas
concept
of natural selection, 29
Essay
on Population, 29, 281
Mammalia, 93
mammal(s), 84, 119
amino
acid substitution rate in proteins of, 210
evolution
of, 91, 93
DNA of,
220
heart,
135, 136, 137
pineal
body, 140
plica
semilunaris, 140, 141
species
development, 224
Marx, Karl, 283-84
materialism, 235
materialistic view, 226,
238, 298
Maupertuis, 28
Mayr, E., 30-31, 46, 82,
201, 204
mechanistic view, 194-95,
238, 269
megaevolution, 49
meiosis, 45, 164, 165, 166,
167, 203
melatonin, 140, 188, 190
Mendel, Gregor, 32, 34-40
experiments,
34-40
laws
of, 34, 38
theory
compared to Lamarck's, 32-33, 39-40
Mendelian genetics, 34-41,
145, 168, 207
Mesopotamian creation and
flood, 242
Mesozoic era, 123
metaphysical faith, 299
view, 226, 296
metaphysics, Marx on, 283-84
meteorites, 74, 195, 196
metonymy, 268
microevolution, 49, 53,
176, 228, 264, 295 (see also special theory of evolution)
of Biston
betularia, 183
empirical
documentation of, 86, 205, 226
evidence
for, 176-90
in bacterial mutations, 177-78, 190
in breeding animals, 186-87, 190
in insect populations, 187, 190
in selected skin color, 188-90
in sickle cell anemia, 183-85, 190
fiat
creationists on, 251
Goldschmidt
on, 222-24
in laboratory,
83, 86
modern
evolutionists on, 224-25
natural
selection in, 215
progressive
creationists on, 247
within
subdivisions, 51
micromutation, 222-25
migration theory of biogeography,
123
Militaristic National Socialism
(Nazism), 284-85, 289
Miller, Hugh, 269
Miller, S. L., 197-99
Miocene rocks, 76, 84, 97,
98
missing link(s), 87, 94,
102
mitosis, 164, 165
Mixter, R., 101
modified intermittent-day
model, 261, 262-66
molecular
biology,
145-73
disease,
156
evolution,
47, 215, 218-28
Mollusca, 88
monism, 234-35, 238, 290,
299
Monod, Jacques, 296
monoplacuphorans, fossil,
88
monster, "hopeful," 51,
166, 224
moon rocks, 72, 74-75
Mora, Peter T., 200-201
morals, 278
Morgan school, 46
Morgan, Thomas Hunt, 43
morning, in Genesis, 262,
303-4
Morris, H. M., 268
Moses, 248
language
of, 267, 305
time
of, 269
use of
day, 302-5, 307, 311
writing
in Genesis, 251, 255, 257, 259-61, 264
writing
in Psalms, 303, 305
Muller, F., 143, 204
Muller, J., 43
mutant(s)
bacterial,
177
chance,
227
[331]
lethal,
43
substitutions,
219
mutation(s), 29, 41
bacterial,
180
chromosomal,
164-68
deletion, 166, 167
duplication, 166, 167
inversion, 166
translocation, 166, 167
transposition, 166
classical,
42, 215 (see also saltation)
definition
of, 42
of DNA,
162
of Drosophila,
43
drug-resistant,
181
harmful,
180
irradiation
caused, 162-63, 178-79
molecular,
158-62
extended deletion, 158-59
inversion, 158-59
nucleotide deletion, 158, 162-64
nucleotide insertion, 158
nucleotide substitution, 158-62, 177-78, 183, 222
translocation, 158-59
and natural
selection, 29, 38
neutral,
164, 172, 209, 215, 220
new concept,
38
of Oenothera
(primrose
evening), 38
point-,
51
as raw
material for evolution, 43, 158, 163, 168, 176
spontaneous,
177-78, 181
streptomycin-resistant,
40-41, 227
systemic,
50, 222-24
theory
of neutral, 45
transversion
in, 178
Myrdal, Gunnes, 283
naive realism, 174
natural selection, 29, 32,
38, 42-43, 145, 171
compared
to species selection, 224-26
in continental
drift theory, 128
Darwin's
view of, 125-28, 201, 226-27, 276
and evidence
lacking for macroevolution, 215-26
evolution
by, 43, 45-46, 53, 145, 205, 295
in evolution
of heart, 137
evolutionists
and, 211, 228
and functionless
structures, 137
and harmful
genes, 183
in humans,
251
in industrial
melanism, 181-83
influence
on
education, 279
Freud, 285
Spencer, 280
in mutants,
227
Neo-Darwinists
on, 205, 216
on phenotypic
traits, 188-90
Natural Theology (Paley),
226
naturalism, 233, 235, 239,
275-77,289-90, 299
naturalists, 238
nature, 251, 280
God's
handiwork, 269
interfering
with, 280
laws
of, 55, 282
Nazism, 284-85
Neanderthal, 95, 109,
111, 114, 115-16 (see also Homo neanderthalensis)
Needham, John, 192
neo-classicist, 45, 216,
218 (see also panneutralists)
Neo-Darwinism, 43, 45, 176,
299
Neo-Darwinist(s), 46, 50-51,
53, 204-5, 216 (see also selectionists)
the mechanism
of, 222-23
synthetic
version, 46
theory,
43, 45, 176, 223, 252, 299
neoinstitutionalism, 283
Neopilina, 88
Neoplatonism, 240
Neotropical, biogeographical
realm,119,121
neritic, ecological zone
of ocean, 122-23
neutralist
controversy,
228
on religion,
287-88
New Consciousness, 290
[332]
Newton, 175, 191, 296
Nietzsche, 285
nihilistic thinkers, 285
nihilists, 288-89
Noachian (see also Deluge;
Flood)
Flood,
57, 248
Deluge,
55, 268
Noah's ark, 267
notochord, 89, 135
nucleotide
deletion,
158,
162-63
insertion,
158
replacement,
159
substitution,
158-62,
177-78, 183, 212, 222
Oenothera (evening
primrose), 38
gigas,
202
lamarckiana,
202
Oldowan, pebble tool, 104,
105
Old Testament
idea
of God, 287
interpretation
of, 242
narratives
of, 243
Olduvai Gorge, 100,
104-5, 108, 114
Oligocene rock, 76,
84,
97
Oligopithecus, 95,
97
Omo Basin, 100, 104
onchyophoran (Peripatus
novaezealandiae), 87
ontogeny, 143
ontology, Darwin's influence
on, 277
Oparin, 201
open system, 197, 283
operon model, 156, 157,
158
allosteric
protein in, 158
eucaryotes,
lack of, 222
galactosidase
in, 157
lactose
in, 157
repressor
in, 157
orangutan, 95, 98
organelles, 130-31
organic evolution
not falsifiable,
227-28
synthetic
theory, 53
theistic
evolutionists on, 246-47, 254
Oriental, biogeographic
region, 119, 120
origin of life, 176, 191,
195, 200-201, 238, 269 (see also abiogenesis)
Origin of Species
by Means of Natural Selection, The
(Darwin), 29-30, 32,
125, 276, 287, 295
overdominance, 184, 216
overlapping day-age model,
261, 262-66
oxygen, molecular, 149,
199
oxygenation process, in
creation, 262-63
ozone, 199
Palearactic, biogeographic
realm, 119, 120
paleomagnetism, terrestrial,
123-24
Paleolithic, Upper, culture,
116
paleontologist(s), 32, 49,
58
problems
of, 80-82, 87
on punctuated
equilibrium, 224
paleontology, 80-83
Paleozoic era, 123, 125
Paley, William (Natural
Theology), 226
Pangaea, 124
panneutralists, 216, 219,
221 (see also neo-classicist)
panspermia, 195
pantheistic
religions,
235
monism,
290
Papilio, butterfly,
223
parallel evolution, 52
Parmenides, 27
Parsons, Talcot, 279
parthenogenesis, 166
parthenogenetic, 204, 221
particles, messenger and
transmission, 33
Pasteur, Louis, 176, 192-93,
195, 296
Patten, D. W., 268
Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich,
286
pea (see Pisum sativum)
Peirce, Charles S., 277
Peking, China, 108, 112,
113
pelagic, ecological zone
of ocean, 122, 123
penicillin, 180-81
Pentateuch, 242
peppered moth (see Biston
betularia)
peptide bonds, 150
Peripatus novaezealandiae
(onchyophoran),
87
phagocytic cells, 184
phenotype(s), 36
phenotypic variations, 47
dominant,
34, 36
recessive,
34, 36
Philo, 240
Philosophiae Principia
(Descartes),
55
philosophy, related to evolution,
277
phylogenetic, 82, 86
tree,
86, 93
Simpson
on, 83
phylogeny, 83, 143, 211
physiocrats, 280
pigeon, Darwin's investigation
of, 186-87
pineal body, 140
Pisum sativum (pea),
34, 35-38
Mendelian
ratio on, 43
Mendel's
experiments with, 34-38
planetesimal theory, in
cosmogony, 307
plate tectonics, 125
Plato
influence
on thinking, 237
Timaeus,
261
Pliocene, 76
human
fossil, 101
rocks,
97-98
Pliopithecus, 95,
96,
97
pluralistic, 235
pollenization, insects at
creation, 264, 309
polydactyly, 28
polymerization, 200
polymorphism, 228
allozyme,
221
balanced,
183
definition
of, 216
enzyme
or protein, 216-20
phenotypic,
82
in sickle
cell anemia, 183
polypeptide, 151, 153, 154,
206-7, 209, 212
polyploidy, 51, 166, 170,
201-2
allopolyploidy,
202-3
autopolyploidy,
202
Pongidae, 95,
96,
97, 98
positivism (see naive
realism)
post-mortem transport, 82
pragmatism, 286
Darwin's
influence on, 277-78
utilitarian,
299
Prakash, S. J., 187
primate, 101
primitive earth, 53
primordial
atmosphere,
196, 199
conditions,
195, 200
earth,
196-97, 199
mass,
27
sea,
199
“soup,"
196, 199
principle of fixity, 277
Principles of Geology
(Lyell),
56
procaryotic cell, 129-32
compared
to eucaryotic, 130-31
evolution
of, 131-32
procaryotic, mutator gene,
162
Proconsul (see Dryopithecus
africanus)
progressive
creation,
247, 252, 254-65, 266-70
education,
279-80
revelation,
287
proinsulin, 219
proletarian revolution,
284
Propliopithecus, 95,
97
proteinoid microsphere,
196,
199-200
protein(s), 196
repressor,
157
structure
of, 154
synthesis
peptide bonds, 150
translation, 150-51
Protestant, 241, 281, 296
punctuated equilibrium,
224
Punnet, Reginald, 43
quadrupeds, 98
rabbits
antibodies
of, 208
appendix
of, 138, 139
divergence
of species, 211
embryo
of, 142
inheritance
in, 33
[333]
racemization, 75, 108, 114
radiation, pattern in evolution,
52
radioactive decay, 59-61,
62-65
radioactivity, 59-65, 73,
249
radiometric dating, 58-59,
65-78 (see also dating)
Ramapithecus, 95,
96,
98, 99, 106, 117
Ramm, B., 254, 269, 296
random drift, 172-73, 227
rational
coherency,
175
empiricism,
235, 237
rationalist, 236
raw material of evolution,
29, 145, 158, 163, 168, 176, 227
Ray, John, 30
Reconstruction (Dewey),
279
Redeemer, 288
relative dating, 57-58
relativism, 289
Rensch, B., 52
replica plating, 40-41,
42
replication, 148, 149,
197, 200
repressor protein, 157
reptile(s), 90-91, 93
age of,
84
amino
acid substitutions of, 210
creation
of, 309
DNA of,
220
evolution
of, 91, 93
heart
of, 136, 137
vertebra
of, 134
rest, in Genesis, 265, 305,
309-10
revolution
Darwinian,
225-26, 295
proletarian,
284
RNA, 131, 148-57, 164,
222
codon,
150-51,
164
structure
of, 149
transcription,
148, 150
Rudapithecus, 95,
98
Russell, Bertrand, 288
Sabbath, 253, 255
Saint-Silaire, Geoffrey,
29
salinity of ocean, 58-59
saltation, 42, 51, 86 (see
also mutation, classical)
Satan, fall of, 312
science
definition
of, 174
unity
of, 296
scientism, 296
Scripture(s), 236
deals
with soul, 298
harmonized
with geology, 302
integrity
of, 269
literal
interpretation of, 241
selection
artificial,
51, 186
balancing,
183-85, 221
in changes
in gene frequency, 186-87
Darwinian,
219
directional,
32, 46, 47
directive,
185
disruptive,
46, 47, 48
in industrial
melanism, 46, 181-83
physiochemical,
201
in producing
skin color, 190
punctuated
equilibrium in, 224
in species,
224-25
stabilizing
(normalizing), 45, 46, 47
selectionist(s), 216, 219,
228 (see also Neo-Darwinist)
controversy,
228
on mutations,
220-21
sex-linked characteristics,
43
Seymouria, 90-91
sickle cell anemia, 156
amino
acid sequence, 155
gene
for, 183, 184, 185
selection
pressure on, 171, 183-85, 221
Simons, E. L., 98
Simpson, G. G., 46, 49,
215
on evolutionary
taxonomist position, 83, 86
on moral
precepts, 299
on morphological
and genetic evolution, 206
Sinanthropus pekinensis,
108,
113
Sire, James, 289
skepticism, 237
skin pigmentation, 188,
189,
190
Skinner, B. F., 284
skull(s), 97-98, 100-101,
102, 103, 105, 107-17 passim
Ehringsdorf,
117
H.
erectus, 109, 110, 113-14
KNM-ER-1470,
107,
108, 117
Neanderthal,
109,
114
Peking,
112, 113
Steinheim,
117
Swanscombe,
117
Smith, Adam, 282
Smith, William, 58
Snow, R. J., 255
Social Darwinists, 281-82
social institutions, 283
society, influenced by evolution,
280
sociology, and evolution,
281
Spallanzani, Lazzaro, 192
special theory of evolution,
53, 176 (see also microevolution)
speciation, 53, 211
allopatric,
225
allopolyploidy
in, 202-3
autopolyploidy
in, 202
four
stages of, 187
in macroevolution,
201
is natural
selection in effect, 224
polyploidy,
51, 201-4
as "punctuations,"
224
sympatric,
51, 203
species
ancestral,
126
concept
of, 29-31
fixity
of, 30
definition
of, 31, 82, 204
dimorphism
in, 31
diversification
of, 125
endemic,
126
and phylogeny,
211
polymorphism,
31
selection,
224-25
sympatric,
30, 225
synchronous,
31
Spencer, Herbert, 29, 298
spontaneous generation,
27, 53, 249, 296
circumstantial
evidence for, 176
demise
of theory, 191-95
Staphylolococcus aureus,
180-81
Star Formation Model, 261
streptomycin, 40-42, 227
Studies in Genesis One
(Young),
261
struggle for existence,
29, 280
Sumner, William Graham,
279
survival of the fittest,
29, 227, 280
Sutton, W. S., 43
swan-necked flasks, 193
symbiosis, 131
synthetic theory of evolution,
53, 191 (see also macroevolution)
Taung, 100, 101-2
taxa, 83, 86
taxonomists, 31, 83, 205
taxonomy, 30, 83
Teilhard De Chardin, Pierre,
288
teleology, 226-27
terrestrial paleomagnetism,
123-24
Tertiary period, 84,
124, 213
tetraploid, 202
tetrapods, 134-35
theism, Christian, 299
theistic evolutionist, 246-47,
252-54, 266-67
Theory of the Earth (Hutton),
56
thermodynamics
second
law of, 197, 199, 309
Spencer
influenced by, 280
Theropithecus galada
(see
baboon)
tiepoints, in dating, 75,
78
Timaeus (Plato),
261
Tobias, P., 104
tonsils, vestigial organ,
141
tool(s), 104, 105,
108, 112
chopping,
112,
114
hand
ax, 114
Neanderthal,
116
Oldowan
pebble, 104, 105
toolmaking, 104, 266
transformation, bacterial,
145
transforming principle,
146
translation in DNA, 148,
150-51
initiation,
151
termination,
151
transpecific evolution,
201, 295 (see also macroevolution)
Triassic period, 76,
85, 124, 213
trilobites, 87
Triticum, 203-4,
205
tropical, 115-16
[336]
truth
Christian
search for, 269
by deduction,
236
Dewey
on, 278
human
reason and, 276
by inductive
reasoning, 236-37
search
for, 235-37
Tschermak, 38
Tyndall, John, 193-94
Tyndall's box, 193, 194
uniformitarianism, 55-57
fiat
creationists on, 252
reevaluated,
82
universal cataclysm, 251
(see also Deluge; Flood; Noachian Deluge; Noachian Flood)
universe, an organism, 277
Ussher, Archbishop, 252
utilitarianism, 281
variations, discontinuous,
42
Veblen, Thorstein, 282-83
Velikovsky, 1., 56
vertebra
arch,
89,
132
intercentrum (hypocentrum) in, 89, 132, 134
pleurocentra in, 89, 132, 134
rachitomous in, 132, 134
evolution
of, 132, 134, 135
husk,
89, 135
of Lysorophus,
89
notochord in, 89, 135
vertebrate assemblages,
102
vertebrates
amino
acid substitutions in, 210
evolutionary
rates of, 213
marine,
224
vestigial organs, in humans,
137-43
appendix,
138-39
coccygeal
vertebrae, 140, 141
pineal
body, 140
plica
semilunaris, 140, 141
tonsils,
141
Vinci, Leonardo da, 55
visceral pouch, 142,
143-44
vital fluid, 33, 34, 40
"vital force," 192
volcanic action, 306
volcanics, 75, 78
Von Baer, Karl Ernst, 143
Von Baer's law, 143
von Bernhardi, 285
von Helmont, 191
von Leeuwenhoek, Anton,
191
Wallace, Alfred R., 29
war(s), 112, 281, 289
Ward, Lester, 281
Watson, J., 146, 147
Watson, James Broadus, 286
week, creative, 302, 305
Weinberg, G., 168-'70
Weismann, August, 40
whales
convergence
in, 52
homologous
bones in, 132, 133
vestigial
structures of, 141
wheat, 203-5 (see also Triticum)
Whitcomb, J. C., 268
world view
Christian
theism, as, 234, 238-39
dualism,
Platonic, 234-35, 237
empiricism,
as, 236
evolutionism,
as, 299
Gnostism,
as, 237
humanistic,
239, 299
materialistic,
238, 299
mechanistic,
238
monism,
Aristotelian, as, 234-35, 238
naturalistic,
238-39, 299
Platonism,
as, 237
skepticism,
as, 237
theistic
Christianity as, 228, 238-39
Wright, J. Frederick, 309
Wright, S., 45
Young, Davis, 269
Young, E. J. (Studies
in Genesis One), 261
young earth, 246
young-earth theory, 252
Zinjanthropus, 100, 104