[320] 

Index

Abel, 266
abiogenesis, 53, 191-92, 195-200 (see also origin of life)
    of chemical compounds, 197
    of first cell, 195-97
abyssal, ecological zone of ocean, 122-23
Adam, 252, 254-55, 266, 308
adaptive grid, zones, 49-50, 51
Aegilops, 204, 205
Aegyptopithecus, 95, 97
Agnostic Period of evolutionary thought, 45
agnosticism, 276
albumin, 208
Alexandrian
    Judaism, 240
    school of allegorism, 240
allegorism, 240-41
alleles, 43, 172-73, 183, 216-18
allopolyploidy, 202-3, 205
allozymes, 218
alpha helix, 154
amino acids, 148, 150, 151
    analyzer, 75, 210
    code for, 153
    racemization, 75, 108, 114
    selection of, 220
    sequence, 164, 222
    sequencing of, 154, 206, 209-11, 214, 228
    structure of, 152
    substitution 210, 211-12, 218, 220
    synthesis, 197-98
amniotes, 132, 134
amniotic egg, 90-91
amphibians, 88-91
    evolution of, 88-91
    heart of, 135, 136-37
    vertebra of, 132 134-35
anaerobic cell, 196-97
anagenesis, 52
anatomist, comparative, 49
anatomy as evidence of common ancestor, 132-44
aneuploidy, 166
animism, 299
Annelida, 88
annelids, 87-88
anthropologists, 98, 106, 114, 268
antibiotics, 180
antibody, 138, 139, 207-8
antigen, 207-8
Antiochian school, 240
ape(s), 94, 95, 102, 104, 105 passim
    compared to baboon, 106
    modern, 98-99
appendix, human, 138, 139
Appert, Francois, 192
Aquinas, Thomas, 238, 240, 277
Archaeopteryx, 91, 92, 93
Aristotle, 27, 191, 238, 275
arthropods, 87-88
artifact(s), 105, 113, 114, 117, 266, 281
asthenosphere, 125
atheistic ideas, 296-97
atheists, 252
atomic physics, 83
atomists, 275
Augustine, 237, 304
Australian, biogeographic realm, 119, 120
australopithecine(s), 95, 101, 103, 104, 106
Australopithecus, 95-96, 98-99, 100-101, 102-7, 108, 117
[321]
autopolyploids, 202
Avery, O. T., 146
Ayes, Clarence E., 283
 

baboon, 106
Babylonian
    creation, 243-45
    flood, 243, 288
Bacillus subtilis, 177
backcross, 203
Bateson, William, 42-43, 45
bathyal, ecological zone of ocean, 122-23
Beagle, H. M. S., 125
beans, 35, 42
beetles, 48
beginning, in Genesis, 261, 262
behaviorists, 286
Bible
    bias against, 296
    creation story in, 251-56, 260-67, 302-11
    exegesis of, 285
    fiat creationists' view of, 246
    harmonization of science to, 295
    infallibility of, 254
    interpretation of, 252, 297
    liberal view of, 287-88
    life without, 296
    literal meaning of, 240-41
    naturalists' view of, 289
    progressive creationists' view of, 247
    revelation of God in, 251
    study of, 241-42
    theistic evolutionists' view of, 246
    writers of, 251, 255, 257, 259-61, 264
biogenetic law, 143-44
biogeographers, 123, 128
biogeographic realms, 120-21
    fauna distribution in, 119-21, 123, 125, 128
        marine, 121, 123
        marsupial, 118
        migration theory of, 123
        related to flood, 267
    flora distribution in, 119-20, 125, 128
       Clasmatocolea vermicularis, 125, 126
        magnolias, 119
        marine, 121, 123
    list of, 119, 120, 121
biogeography
    continental drift, theory of, 123, 124, 125, 128, 267
    study of, 118-19, 120-21, 122-28, 252, 268
bipedalism, 101
birds
    amino acid substitution rate in proteins of, 210
    Archaeobteryx, 91, 92, 93
    bones of, 133
    creation of, 311
    eggs of, 91
    evolution of, 91, 93
    eyelid of, 140
    feathers of, 91
    finches, 52, 126, 127
    heart of, 136, 137
    sparrow, 140
Biston
   betularia (peppered moth), 46, 181, 182, 183
    carbonaria,182
bottle neck effect, 171
Boveri, T., 43
Brongniart, Alexandre, 58
Broom, Robert, 102, 106
broth, meat, 192-94
Bruce, F. F., 233
Bube dictim, 254
Bube, Richard, 247
budding, common to cell, 200
Buffon, George de, 30, 83
    on species, 28
   Epoques de la Nature, 56
burial, associated with fossil humans, 108, 116, 266
Buswell, James O., II, Jr., 255, 301-13
Buswell, J. O., III, 267
butterfly (see Papilio)
 

Cain, 267
cancer, skin, 188
[322]
canning method, 192
capitalists, 284
carbon-14 dating, 65, 70-71, 75
cataclysm(s), 252, 309, 312
cataclysmic
    event, 268, 312
    flood geology, 246
    catastrophe(s), 56-57
        flood, 248
        formed fossils, 82
catastrophists, 56
Catholic church, 241, 296
cave dweller, 114, 116
cell
    anaerobic, 196-97
    first, 195-200
    structure of, 128-32
        eucaryotic, 129-32
            compared to procaryote, 130-31
            evolution of, 131-32
        organelles, 130-31
        procaryotic, 129-32
            compared to eucaryote, 130-31
            evolution of 131-32
center of origin, 128
chemostat, 177-78, 201
Chetverikov, S. S. 45
chick, embryo, 129, 142
chimpanzee(s), 52, 95, 98-99, 104-5
    infant, 102
    modern, 98
    organismal differences, 222
    proteins of, 211, 214, 215
Christ
    cross of, 253, 288
    gospel of, 287
    time of, 237
Christian View of Origins, A (England), 246
Christianity
    bias against, 298
    evangelical, 290
Christian(s), 239, 269, 296-97
    intellectual, 295
    theism, 234, 238-39
chromosomes
    crossing over, 44-45
    homologous, 43
    mutations of, 164-68
cladogenesis (kladogenesis), 52
Clark, LeGros, 100, 104, 106
Clasmatocolea vermicularis, distribution of; 125, 126
classicist, 45-46
classless society, 284
clock
    evolutionary, 214
    molecular, 219
    paleontological, 58
closed system, 197, 275, 279, 283, 289
coacervate droplets, 196, 199-200
coccygeal vertebrae, 140, 141
codon, 150-51, 153, 164
Colm, Gerhard, 283
communism, 283
Comte, Auguste, 280, 287
condyle(s), 90, 105, 114
conscience
    of animals, 286
    of humans, 285-86
continental drift, 123, 124, 125, 128, 268
convergence in evolution, 52
Copernican (see also heliocentric issue)
    revolution 28
    theory, 297
Copernicus, 236
Correns, 38
cosmic dust, 195
cosmogony, 305
Covenant, 243
Cranium KNM-ER-1470, 107, 108, 117
creation, 250
    in the "beginning," 261
    date of, 252, 259
    days of, 248-49, 252-56
        fiat creationists' view of, 252
        progressive creationists' view of, 247, 254-56
        theistic evolutionists' view of, 252-55
    of humans, 253, 263
    "morning and evening" in, 264-65
    recent, 260
    theories of
        day-age, 247, 248, 260-66
        gap, 267
        two Adams, 267
    week, 253
creation account, 238, 243-49, 252-53 (see also Genesis account)
    fiat creationists’ view on, 246-47, 252
    progressive creationists' view on, 247, 254-56
    theistic evolutionists' view on, 246-47, 252-54
Creator (see God, Creator)
Cretaceous era, 76, 84, 123, 124, 213
Crick, F., 146, 147, 298
cross, 253, 288
crossopterygian
    fossils of, 88-90
    vertebra of, 132, 134, 135
Cuvier, Baron George, 56, 58
cytochrome c, 210-12
 

Dark Ages, 238
Dart, Raymond A., 102, 106
Darwin, Charles, 29, 32, 33, 298
    and biogeography, 128
    and concept of struggle for existence, 284
    on Creator, 226-27, 276
    criteria for fittest, 227-28
    a dualist, 285
    evolutionary concept, 276-77
   Expression of Emotion in Man andAnimals, 285
    on finches, Galapagos, 52, 126
    on Galapagos plants, 126
    Hegel's influence on, 276
    ideas influenced
        economics, 282-83
        educational theories, 279-80
        epistemology, 277
        ethics, 277
        ontology, 277
        philosophy, 277-78
        political systems, 283-84
        psychology, 284
        religion, 287-89
        society, 280-81
    investigation of pigeons, 186-87
    Malthus's influence on, 281
    Marx on, 284
    natural selection concept, 38, 125, 201, 226, 276
   Origin of the Species, 29-30, 32, 125, 276, 287, 295
    questioned the mind, 289
    South American trip, 29, 52, 125-27
    on speciation, 204
Darwin, Erasmus, 28
Darwinian revolution, 225-26, 295
Darwinism, discussed, 29
dating
    absolute (finite), 57-58, 78
    amino acid racemization, 75, 108, 114
    concordant ages, 71-73
    discordant ages, 71-73
    of human fossils, 75
    law of faunal and floral succession, 58
    law of radioactivity, 63
    law of superposition, 58
    meteorites, 74
    radioactive, 59-65, 73, 249
        law of half-life, 62
        law of radioactivity, 63
    radiocarbon, 74
    radiometric, 58-59, 78
    radiometric methods, 65-78
        carbon-14 (C-14), 65, 70-71
        lead-lead, 67-68
        potassium-argon, 69, 104, 108, 112
        rubidium-strontium, 70
        thorium-lead, 67
        uranium-lead, 67-68
    radiometric racemization, 74, 108, 114
    relative, 57-58
    reliability of, 71-75
    tiepoints in, 75, 78
da Vinci, Leonardo, 55
day(s)
    chart of, 301
    of creation, 254-56, 310
        first, 262, 303, 306-7, 309
        second, 262, 307-8
        third, 260, 262, 263-64, 308-9
        fourth, 260, 262, 263, 304, 308-9
        fifth, 260, 262, 264, 308
        sixth, 255, 260, 262, 264-65, 308-9, 310
[324]
        seventh, 262, 265, 305-6, 309-10
    creative, 302
    figuratively used, 302, 311
    of Genesis, 254-56, 304-13
    last, 260
    literal, 310-11
    models of
        modified intermittent-day, 261, 262, 263-66
        overlapping day-age, 261, 262, 263-66
        periods, 248, 249, 254, 262, 309-10
    solar, 255, 256, 303, 310, 311
    theories on
        day-age, 247, 248, 260-66
        twenty-four-hour creation days, 248, 249, 255, 256, 265, 303, 304-6
 

DDT, 181
de Buffon, George (see Buffon, George de)
deduction, 236
de Lamarck, Chevalier (see Lamarck, Chevalier de)
Deluge, 56, 243, 252, 269 (see also Flood; Noachian Deluge; Noachian Flood)
de Nouy, L., 93
dentition, 98, 99, 100-101, 105, 106 passim
    definition of, 95
    Homo erectus, 112, 113-14
Descartes, Rene_, 55, 191, 238, 274
    mechanistic world view of, 238
    Philosophiae Principia, 55
de Vries, Hugo, 38, 42-43, 202, 284
Dewey, John, 277-79, 288
    on pragmatism, 286
    Reconstruction, 279
Diadectes, 90-91
dialectic law, 283
dialectical reason, 276
dialectics, 284
Diarthrognathus, 91, 93
Diplococcus pneumoniae (diplococci), 145, 146
divergence, in evolution, 52, 87, 211-12, 213-14
DNA, 131, 145-48, 149, 151, 158-64
    acquisition of, 219
    base pairing, 160-61
    content in animals, 220
    hybridization, 207, 214
    of mammal, 220
    model of, 147
    replication, 148, 149, 163, 197, 200
    structure, 146-49
        bases, 147
        nucleoside, 147
        nucleotide, 147, 178, 206, 212, 214
Dobzhansky, Theodosius, 46, 49, 215
    on ethics, 297
    Genetics and the Origin of Species, 46
Dodson, Edward O., 45
Dodson, Peter, 45
Dollo's law, 52
double helix (DNA), 147
Drosophila (fruit fly), 31, 216, 264
    birchii, 178, 179, 180
    chromosomes of, 224
    melanogaster, 43, 45, 162
    persimilis, 187
    pseudoobscura, 217, 218
        genetic drift in, 172
        research on, in Bogota, 187
dryopithecine(s), 97, 98
Dryopithecus, 95, 96, 97-98, 99
dualism, 234-35
 

earth, 248-49
    age of, 55, 59
    ancient, 249
    antiquity of, 247
        fiat creationists' view of, 252
        progressive creationists' view of, 254-66
    new, 265, 306, 310
    origin of, 262
        Big Bang, 262
        Star Formation Model, 261
    young, 246, 252
echinoderm, 143
ecological zones
    of ocean, 121-23
[325]
    terrestrial, 120, 122
economics, influenced by evolution, 282-83
educational theories, influenced by evolution, 279-80
educators
    progressive, 279-80
    traditional essentialists, 280
Einstein's theory, 296
Eldredge, Niles, 224
electron microscopy, 130
electrophoresis, 208, 209, 214, 216, 217, 218
Elpistostege, transitional fossil, 90
embryologist, 49
embryology, 142-44
empirical adequacy, 175
empirical method, 174-75
empiricists, 235
Engel, 284
England, Donald
    Christian View of Origins, A, 246
    criticism of chemical evolution, 196
Enlightenment, 28, 276
entropy, 197
Enuma elfish, 243
environment, 279, 281, 286
enzymes, 153-57
    allozymes, 218
    esterases, 217-18
    heterzygosity of, 217
    lock-and-key theory of, 155, 156, 207
    polymorphism of, 216-17
Epic of Gilgamesh, 243
Epoques de la Nature (de Buffon), 56
Escherichia coli, 157
    mutations of, 160-63, 178, 227
    operons of, 158
Essay on Population (Malthus), 29, 281
esterases (see enzymes)
ethics, 281, 299
Ethiopian, biogeographic realm, 119, 120
eucaryotic cell, 129-32, 222
    compared to procaryote, 130-31
    evolution of, 131-32
    operons questioned, 158
evangelical(s), 237, 246, 287, 297
Eve, 253, 256
evening
    in Genesis, 262, 303-4
    primrose, 38, 202
evolution, 43, 80, 132, 144, 174, 206
    atheistic, 252
    bacterial, 201
    biological, 215
    of carbohydrates, 197
    chemical, 196-97, 201
    convergence in, 52
    divergence in, 52, 87
    of first cell, 195-201
    genetic, 206
    of genetic code, 153
    genetic drift in, 170-73
    of heart, 135, 136-37
    historical, 49, 284
    of humans, 86-117, 284
    levels of, 48
        molecular, 215, 218-28
        organic, 228
        organismal, 221
    morphological, rate of, 206
    of new species, 187
    parallel, 51
    polyploidy in, 170, 204
    of protein, 214-20
    radiation in, 52
    raw material of, 29, 145, 158, 163, 168-70, 176, 227
    synthetic version, 46
    teleology in, 226-27
    of terrestrial plants, 50
    theistic evolutionists on, 246-47, 254
    transpecific, 205
    of vertebra, 132, 134, 135
    vertebrates, rates of, 213-14
evolutionary theory
    neo-classicist, 45
    synthetic, 46, 53
evolutionists, 128, 204-6, 211, 252-64
    on anatomy, 132
    on hearts, 137
    theistic, 246-47, 252-54
    on vestigial organs, 142
    view of natural selection, 226-28
existentialism, 290
[326]
Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals (Darwin), 285
 

Fall, human, 247, 252, 267
fall, of Satan, 312
Fascism, 285
feathers, 91
fiat creationists
    on creation and flood, 246-47
    on earth's age, 252
    on fossils, 268
    on human's age, 266
fibrinopeptides, 210-12, 219
Filby, F. A., 268
finches, Galapagos, 52, 126
    beaks, 126
    distribution of, 127
fire, and fossils, 108, 112, 114, 266
fish
    amino acid substitution rate in proteins of, 210
    embryo of, 142
    evolution of, 88-90
    heart of, 135, 136
Fisher, R. A., 45
Flood, 55, 57, 248-249, 268, 288 (see also Deluge; Noachian Deluge; Noachian Flood)
    date of, 259
    local, 268-69
    universal, 268-69
fossil record, 45, 224-25
    biased, 81-82
    incomplete, 80-82
    Neo-Darwinists' view of, 51
    primate evolution in, 101
    related to species selection, 224-25
fossils
    amphibians, 123
    ancient (extinct), 58
    classification of, 82-86
    to date humans, 75
    to date rocks, 58
    dentition of, 81, 95, 97-100, 101-2, 106, 112-13 passim
    earth's age, revealing, 55-56
    fauna, 108, 114
    formation of, 80-82
    human, 94-117
        Australopithecus, 95-96, 98-99, 100-101,102-6, 108
        Dryopithecus, 95-96, 97-98, 99
       Homo erectus, 95-96, 100-101, 104-5, 109-10, 112-13, 116-17
        Neanderthalensis, 9596, 105, 108-9, 111,114-16
        Pliopithecus, 95, 96-97
        Ramapithecus, 95-96, 98-99
    index, 58
    in medieval times, 55
    modern (living), 58, 88, 225
    relative dating of, 57-58
    reptile, 90-91, 123
    speciation of, 32
    transitional, 86-94
    types of, 80-81
        marine, 81
        terrestrial, 81
founder effect, 172
Fracastoro, 55
Francesco, Redi, 191
Freud, Sigmund, 283-84
frog, 133, 136, 151
fruit fly (see Drosophila)
functionalists, 286
Fundamentals (Green), 256
 

Galapagos islands, 29, 52, 126, 127
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 283
Galileo, 236, 297-98
Galton, Francis, 33
gap theory, 248, 267, 312
Garden of Eden, 255-56
gel-electrophoresis, 208, 209 (see also electrophoresis)
gene(s), 36-37, 146, 168
    crossing over of, 44, 165
    duplication of, 219
    frequency changes, 170, 171, 182-83
   mu, 162
    new term, 34
    substitution, 219
genealogies, Genesis, 252, 254, 256-58
general theory of evolution, 28, 53, 176, 191, 195, 295 (see also macroevolution; megaevolution; [327] synthetic theory of evolution; transpecific evolution)
Genesis account, 242-43, 246-47, 261, 297-98 (see also Creation account)
    Christians study interpretations of, 297
    compared to Babylonian account, 244-45
    of creation, 243-47, 252-56, 302-13
    of Deluge, 243
    of Flood, 242, 268-69
    progressive creationists' on, 254
    theistic evolutionists on, 252-54
genetic code, 151-52, 153
genetic drift, 220-21, 170-73
genetics
    Mendelian, 34-40
    molecular, 180, 206-7
    population, 168-73
    recombination in, 43
    science of, 32
Genetics and the Origin of Species (Dobzhansky), 46
genomes, 222
genotype, 37, 38, 43, 171
geochronologists, 68, 72
geochronology, 59-60, 62, 78
geographical barriers, 51
geographical column, 57-58, 71, 75, 78, 263
    dating of, 57-60
    fossil distribution in, 86-87
    strata of, 75, 76, 77, 78
geologic time, 57, 58, 62, 119
geological
    time scale, 49, 58, 76-77, 84-85
        credence of, 78
        construction of, 75
    timetable, 56, 260
geologists, 55
    Christian, 312
    contemporary, 57
    flood, 56-57, 269
    modern, 302
    physical, 57, 302
    view of cooling earth, 306
geology, 55
    harmonized with Scripture, 302, 306, 311-12
    historic, 56-57
    modern, 56
gibbon, 95, 97, 98
Gibson, James J., 286
Gilgamesh, 243
gill(s), 88, 144
giraffe, 39
glacial
    period(s), 108, 112, 115, 116, 309
    sequence, 105
glacier(s), 188, 307
Gnostic(s), 235, 237
Gnosticism, 235
God
    and attitude on time, 301
    Author of Bible, 241
    bias against, 298
    creative act(s) of, 128, 261, 310
    and creation, 234, 238-39, 248-49, 263-64
    as Creator, 191, 226-27, 234-35, 237, 246, 251
        design by, 144, 153, 227
        of humans, 253-56, 310
        of vertebrate hearts, 137
        restrained, 282
    as designer, 226
    in Genesis account, 243-45, 248-49, 251-56,302-13
    of Hebrews, 243
    humans in image of, 252
    life without, 296
    maker of universe, 276
Goldschmidt, Richard B., 48-59, 166, 222-24
Gondwanda, 123, 124, 125
gorilla, 95, 98, 102, 104, 106, 211
Gould, Stephen Jay, 224
Graecopithecus, 95, 98
Greece, 27
Greek
    atomists, 275
    influence on Bible interpretation, 240
    lexicons, 241
    view of existence, 235
Green, W. H., 233
    on date of flood, 259
    Fundamentals, 256
[328]
Grene, M., 228, 299
Griffith, F., 145-46
Guyot, Arnold, 262
gypsy moth (see Lymantria dispar)
 

Haeckel, E., 143
Haldane, J. B. S., 45, 223
Hardy, G. H., 168-70
Hardy-Weinberg model, 168-70
Harrison, R. K., 233, 242
Harvey, William, 191
heart, evolution of, 132, 135, 136, 137
heavens, new, 306, 310
Hebrew(s), 241, 243
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 276, 277
Hegelian System, 283
Heidel, Alexander, 243-45
heliocentric issue, 236 (see also Copernican theory)
hemoglobin(s), 151, 155, 210-11, 219
    amino acid substitution rate of, 121
    structure of, 155
    mutant, 185
    in sickle cell anemia, 183
    synthesis of, in frog and rabbit, 151
Heraclitus, 27
hermaphroditic, 204
heterozygosity, 217-18
heterozygote, 184, 218
heterozygous, 37, 183
Hillel, 240
Hodge, C., 266
Holaractic, biogeographic realm, 119
Hominoidea, 94, 95, 96
Homo, 95, 98, 107, 108
    africanus, 102
    erectus, 95-96, 100-101, 104-5, 116-17 passim
        compared to H. neanderthalensis and modern human, 108, 109, 110, 111
        locations where found, 113
        use of fire, 112, 114, 266
    erectus pekinensis, 108
    habilis, 100,102, 104, 105
    neanderthalensis (Neanderthal), 95-96, 105,108-9, 111, 114-16,226 passim
    sapiens, 95-96, 113-14, 116-17, 266 passim
    sapiens neanderthalensis, 116
    sp. inlet., 96, 108
homologous bones, 133
homology, 132-33
homozygote, 218
homozygous, 183
Hooke, Robert, 55
Horowitz, 201
humanism, relativistic, 288
humanist, 296
humanistic view, 239, 269
human(s)
    antiquity of, 266-68
    conscience, 285-86
    embryo of, 142
    modern, 95, 102-5, 108, 111-12, 114, 116-17
        compared to A. africanus, 104
        skulls of, 103, 110, 111
    race, unity of, 266-67
Hume, David, 236
hunter(s), Homo as, 114, 116
Hutton, James (Theory of the Earth), 56
Huxley, J. S., 46, 298
Hylobatidae, 95, 96, 97
Hylonomus, reptile, 91
hypocentrum (intercentra), in vertebra, 89, 132, 134
 

Ichthyostega, 88, 89, 90
idealistic realism, 174
immune system, 138-39
immunology, 207-8
Implication of Evolution, The (Kerkut), 53
induction, used by empiricists, 237
industrial melanism, 46, 181-83
industrialization, effects on evolution, 181-83
inheritance
    acquired, 33, 42
    basic laws of, 34
    blending type, 32
    Mendelian-Lamarckian theory, 32-40
insecticides, 181
[329]
insects
    amino acid substitution rate in proteins of, 210
    creation of pollinating, 264, 309
    evolutionary change in, 181
    resistance to DDT, 181
interglacial period, 114, 115, 116
interplanetary travelers, 195
irradiation, 139, 162, 163, 179-80
irradiation-caused mutation(s), 163
Israel, faith of, 243
 

James, William, 277, 281, 286
jaws, 97-99, 100, 105, 112, 113, 114 passim
Jeremiah's cataclysmic change, 312
Jesus, historical, 241
Joblot, Louis, 192
Johannsen, W., 42
Jordan, David Starr, 118
Jordan's rule, 118
Judeo-Christian ideas, 279, 298
 

Kant, Immanuel, 236
Kelvin, Lord, 59
Kenyapithecus, 95, 98
Kepler, 236
Kerkut, G. A.
    Implication of Evolution, The, 53
    on missing links, 87
    "kind(s)," of Genesis, 83, 263-64
kladogenesis (cladogenesis), 52
Korzhinsky, S. I., 43
 

labyrinthodont, 88-89, 134, 135
Lake Rudolf, 104, 108
Lamarck, Chevalier de, 28, 29, 30, 33
    theory compared to Mendel's, 39-40
    theory in use, 175
Laurasia, 123, 124
laws of inheritance, 34
law(s) of nature, 55, 280
laws of Mendel
    law of independent assortment, 34
    law of segregation, 34, 38
Leakey, L. S. B., 100, 104, 113
Leakey, Mary, 104
Leakey, R. E. F., 104, 108
Lederberg, Joshua, 40-41
Leeuwenhoek, Anton von, 191
Lehmann, J. G., 57
Lehninger, A. L., 199
lepospondyls, vertebrae of, 89
Lewis, G. Edward, 98
Lewontin, R. C., 45, 206, 225
lexicography, 242
lexicons, 241
liberals, 287
Lightfoot, John, 252
Linnaean Society, 29
Linnaeus, Carolus, 30, 83
Limnocardiidae, 225
Limnopithecus, 95, 97
lithosphere, 125
littoral, ecological zone of ocean, 122, 123
lock-and-key theory, 155, 156, 207
logic, 276
love, 278, 289
 

Lyell, Charles
    classified fossiliferous rocks, 58
    Principles of Geology, 56
Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth), 223-24
Lysenko, T. D., 175
Lysorophus, vertebrae of, 89
 

McCarty, M. J., 146
machine
    human, 238, 275, 289
    nature as a, 299
    universe as a, 238
    world as a, 238, 276
Macleod, C. M., 146
macroevolution, 49, 50, 53, 176, 228, 295 (see also general theory of evolution;
megaevolution; synthetic theory of evolution; transpecific evolution)
    above species level, 201
    between zones, 51
    difficulties of, 86, 176, 224, 228
    empirical documentation questioned, 205-14
    modern evolutionists on, 224-25
    mutation in, 221-25
    natural selection in, 215-21
    not by natural selection, 225-26
    species in, 224-26
macromolecules, 196, 198
[330]
malaria, 184,185
Malthus, Thomas
    concept of natural selection, 29
    Essay on Population, 29, 281
Mammalia, 93
mammal(s), 84, 119
    amino acid substitution rate in proteins of, 210
    evolution of, 91, 93
    DNA of, 220
    heart, 135, 136, 137
    pineal body, 140
    plica semilunaris, 140, 141
    species development, 224
Marx, Karl, 283-84
materialism, 235
materialistic view, 226, 238, 298
Maupertuis, 28
Mayr, E., 30-31, 46, 82, 201, 204
mechanistic view, 194-95, 238, 269
megaevolution, 49
meiosis, 45, 164, 165, 166, 167, 203
melatonin, 140, 188, 190
Mendel, Gregor, 32, 34-40
    experiments, 34-40
    laws of, 34, 38
    theory compared to Lamarck's, 32-33, 39-40
Mendelian genetics, 34-41, 145, 168, 207
Mesopotamian creation and flood, 242
Mesozoic era, 123
metaphysical faith, 299 view, 226, 296
metaphysics, Marx on, 283-84
meteorites, 74, 195, 196
metonymy, 268
microevolution, 49, 53, 176, 228, 264, 295 (see also special theory of evolution)
    of Biston betularia, 183
    empirical documentation of, 86, 205, 226
    evidence for, 176-90
        in bacterial mutations, 177-78, 190
        in breeding animals, 186-87, 190
        in insect populations, 187, 190
        in selected skin color, 188-90
        in sickle cell anemia, 183-85, 190
    fiat creationists on, 251
    Goldschmidt on, 222-24
    in laboratory, 83, 86
    modern evolutionists on, 224-25
    natural selection in, 215
    progressive creationists on, 247
    within subdivisions, 51
micromutation, 222-25
migration theory of biogeography, 123
Militaristic National Socialism (Nazism), 284-85, 289
Miller, Hugh, 269
Miller, S. L., 197-99
Miocene rocks, 76, 84, 97, 98
missing link(s), 87, 94, 102
mitosis, 164, 165
Mixter, R., 101
modified intermittent-day model, 261, 262-66
molecular
    biology, 145-73
    disease, 156
    evolution, 47, 215, 218-28
Mollusca, 88
monism, 234-35, 238, 290, 299
Monod, Jacques, 296
monoplacuphorans, fossil, 88
monster, "hopeful," 51, 166, 224
moon rocks, 72, 74-75
Mora, Peter T., 200-201
morals, 278
Morgan school, 46
Morgan, Thomas Hunt, 43
morning, in Genesis, 262, 303-4
Morris, H. M., 268
Moses, 248
    language of, 267, 305
    time of, 269
    use of day, 302-5, 307, 311
    writing in Genesis, 251, 255, 257, 259-61, 264
    writing in Psalms, 303, 305
Muller, F., 143, 204
Muller, J., 43
mutant(s)
    bacterial, 177
    chance, 227
[331]
    lethal, 43
    substitutions, 219
mutation(s), 29, 41
    bacterial, 180
    chromosomal, 164-68
        deletion, 166, 167
        duplication, 166, 167
        inversion, 166
        translocation, 166, 167
        transposition, 166
    classical, 42, 215 (see also saltation)
    definition of, 42
    of DNA, 162
    of Drosophila, 43
    drug-resistant, 181
    harmful, 180
    irradiation caused, 162-63, 178-79
    molecular, 158-62
        extended deletion, 158-59
        inversion, 158-59
        nucleotide deletion, 158, 162-64
        nucleotide insertion, 158
        nucleotide substitution, 158-62, 177-78, 183, 222
        translocation, 158-59
    and natural selection, 29, 38
    neutral, 164, 172, 209, 215, 220
    new concept, 38
    of Oenothera (primrose evening), 38
    point-, 51
    as raw material for evolution, 43, 158, 163, 168, 176
    spontaneous, 177-78, 181
    streptomycin-resistant, 40-41, 227
    systemic, 50, 222-24
    theory of neutral, 45
    transversion in, 178
Myrdal, Gunnes, 283
 

naive realism, 174
natural selection, 29, 32, 38, 42-43, 145, 171
    compared to species selection, 224-26
    in continental drift theory, 128
    Darwin's view of, 125-28, 201, 226-27, 276
    and evidence lacking for macroevolution, 215-26
    evolution by, 43, 45-46, 53, 145, 205, 295
    in evolution of heart, 137
    evolutionists and, 211, 228
    and functionless structures, 137
    and harmful genes, 183
    in humans, 251
    in industrial melanism, 181-83
    influence on
        education, 279
        Freud, 285
        Spencer, 280
    in mutants, 227
    Neo-Darwinists on, 205, 216
    on phenotypic traits, 188-90
Natural Theology (Paley), 226
naturalism, 233, 235, 239, 275-77,289-90, 299
naturalists, 238
nature, 251, 280
    God's handiwork, 269
    interfering with, 280
    laws of, 55, 282
Nazism, 284-85
Neanderthal, 95, 109, 111, 114, 115-16 (see also Homo neanderthalensis)
Needham, John, 192
neo-classicist, 45, 216, 218 (see also panneutralists)
Neo-Darwinism, 43, 45, 176, 299
Neo-Darwinist(s), 46, 50-51, 53, 204-5, 216 (see also selectionists)
    the mechanism of, 222-23
    synthetic version, 46
    theory, 43, 45, 176, 223, 252, 299
neoinstitutionalism, 283
Neopilina, 88
Neoplatonism, 240
Neotropical, biogeographical realm,119,121
neritic, ecological zone of ocean, 122-23
neutralist
    controversy, 228
    on religion, 287-88
New Consciousness, 290
[332]
Newton, 175, 191, 296
Nietzsche, 285
nihilistic thinkers, 285
nihilists, 288-89
Noachian (see also Deluge; Flood)
    Flood, 57, 248
    Deluge, 55, 268
Noah's ark, 267
notochord, 89, 135
nucleotide
    deletion, 158, 162-63
    insertion, 158
    replacement, 159
    substitution, 158-62, 177-78, 183, 212, 222
 

Oenothera (evening primrose), 38
    gigas, 202
    lamarckiana, 202
Oldowan, pebble tool, 104, 105
Old Testament
    idea of God, 287
    interpretation of, 242
    narratives of, 243
Olduvai Gorge, 100, 104-5, 108, 114
Oligocene rock, 76, 84, 97
Oligopithecus, 95, 97
Omo Basin, 100, 104
onchyophoran (Peripatus novaezealandiae), 87
ontogeny, 143
ontology, Darwin's influence on, 277
Oparin, 201
open system, 197, 283
operon model, 156, 157, 158
    allosteric protein in, 158
    eucaryotes, lack of, 222
    galactosidase in, 157
    lactose in, 157
    repressor in, 157
orangutan, 95, 98
organelles, 130-31
organic evolution
    not falsifiable, 227-28
    synthetic theory, 53
    theistic evolutionists on, 246-47, 254
Oriental, biogeographic region, 119, 120
origin of life, 176, 191, 195, 200-201, 238, 269 (see also abiogenesis)
Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, The (Darwin), 29-30, 32,
125, 276, 287, 295
overdominance, 184, 216
overlapping day-age model, 261, 262-66
oxygen, molecular, 149, 199
oxygenation process, in creation, 262-63
ozone, 199
 

Palearactic, biogeographic realm, 119, 120
paleomagnetism, terrestrial, 123-24
Paleolithic, Upper, culture, 116
paleontologist(s), 32, 49, 58
    problems of, 80-82, 87
    on punctuated equilibrium, 224
paleontology, 80-83
Paleozoic era, 123, 125
Paley, William (Natural Theology), 226
Pangaea, 124
panneutralists, 216, 219, 221 (see also neo-classicist)
panspermia, 195
pantheistic
    religions, 235
    monism, 290
Papilio, butterfly, 223
parallel evolution, 52
Parmenides, 27
Parsons, Talcot, 279
parthenogenesis, 166
parthenogenetic, 204, 221
particles, messenger and transmission, 33
Pasteur, Louis, 176, 192-93, 195, 296
Patten, D. W., 268
Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich, 286
pea (see Pisum sativum)
Peirce, Charles S., 277
Peking, China, 108, 112, 113
pelagic, ecological zone of ocean, 122, 123
penicillin, 180-81
Pentateuch, 242
peppered moth (see Biston betularia)
peptide bonds, 150
Peripatus novaezealandiae (onchyophoran), 87
phagocytic cells, 184
phenotype(s), 36
phenotypic variations, 47
    dominant, 34, 36
    recessive, 34, 36
Philo, 240
Philosophiae Principia (Descartes), 55
philosophy, related to evolution, 277
phylogenetic, 82, 86
    tree, 86, 93
    Simpson on, 83
phylogeny, 83, 143, 211
physiocrats, 280
pigeon, Darwin's investigation of, 186-87
pineal body, 140
Pisum sativum (pea), 34, 35-38
    Mendelian ratio on, 43
    Mendel's experiments with, 34-38
planetesimal theory, in cosmogony, 307
plate tectonics, 125
Plato
    influence on thinking, 237
    Timaeus, 261
Pliocene, 76
    human fossil, 101
    rocks, 97-98
Pliopithecus, 95, 96, 97
pluralistic, 235
pollenization, insects at creation, 264, 309
polydactyly, 28
polymerization, 200
polymorphism, 228
    allozyme, 221
    balanced, 183
    definition of, 216
    enzyme or protein, 216-20
    phenotypic, 82
    in sickle cell anemia, 183
polypeptide, 151, 153, 154, 206-7, 209, 212
polyploidy, 51, 166, 170, 201-2
    allopolyploidy, 202-3
    autopolyploidy, 202
Pongidae, 95, 96, 97, 98
positivism (see naive realism)
post-mortem transport, 82
pragmatism, 286
    Darwin's influence on, 277-78
    utilitarian, 299
Prakash, S. J., 187
primate, 101
primitive earth, 53
primordial
    atmosphere, 196, 199
    conditions, 195, 200
    earth, 196-97, 199
    mass, 27
    sea, 199
    “soup," 196, 199
principle of fixity, 277
Principles of Geology (Lyell), 56
procaryotic cell, 129-32
    compared to eucaryotic, 130-31
    evolution of, 131-32
procaryotic, mutator gene, 162
Proconsul (see Dryopithecus africanus)
progressive
    creation, 247, 252, 254-65, 266-70
    education, 279-80
    revelation, 287
proinsulin, 219
proletarian revolution, 284
Propliopithecus, 95, 97
proteinoid microsphere, 196, 199-200
protein(s), 196
    repressor, 157
    structure of, 154
    synthesis
        peptide bonds, 150
        translation, 150-51
Protestant, 241, 281, 296
punctuated equilibrium, 224
Punnet, Reginald, 43
 

quadrupeds, 98
 

rabbits
    antibodies of, 208
    appendix of, 138, 139
    divergence of species, 211
    embryo of, 142
    inheritance in, 33
[333]
racemization, 75, 108, 114
radiation, pattern in evolution, 52
radioactive decay, 59-61, 62-65
radioactivity, 59-65, 73, 249
radiometric dating, 58-59, 65-78 (see also dating)
Ramapithecus, 95, 96, 98, 99, 106, 117
Ramm, B., 254, 269, 296
random drift, 172-73, 227
rational
    coherency, 175
    empiricism, 235, 237
rationalist, 236
raw material of evolution, 29, 145, 158, 163, 168, 176, 227
Ray, John, 30
Reconstruction (Dewey), 279
Redeemer, 288
relative dating, 57-58
relativism, 289
Rensch, B., 52
replica plating, 40-41, 42
replication, 148, 149, 197, 200
repressor protein, 157
reptile(s), 90-91, 93
    age of, 84
    amino acid substitutions of, 210
    creation of, 309
    DNA of, 220
    evolution of, 91, 93
    heart of, 136, 137
    vertebra of, 134
rest, in Genesis, 265, 305, 309-10
revolution
    Darwinian, 225-26, 295
    proletarian, 284
RNA, 131, 148-57, 164, 222
    codon, 150-51, 164
    structure of, 149
    transcription, 148, 150
Rudapithecus, 95, 98
Russell, Bertrand, 288
 

Sabbath, 253, 255
Saint-Silaire, Geoffrey, 29
salinity of ocean, 58-59
saltation, 42, 51, 86 (see also mutation, classical)
Satan, fall of, 312
science
    definition of, 174
    unity of, 296
scientism, 296
Scripture(s), 236
    deals with soul, 298
    harmonized with geology, 302
    integrity of, 269
    literal interpretation of, 241
selection
    artificial, 51, 186
    balancing, 183-85, 221
    in changes in gene frequency, 186-87
    Darwinian, 219
    directional, 32, 46, 47
    directive, 185
    disruptive, 46, 47, 48
    in industrial melanism, 46, 181-83
    physiochemical, 201
    in producing skin color, 190
    punctuated equilibrium in, 224
    in species, 224-25
    stabilizing (normalizing), 45, 46, 47
selectionist(s), 216, 219, 228 (see also Neo-Darwinist)
    controversy, 228
    on mutations, 220-21
sex-linked characteristics, 43
Seymouria, 90-91
sickle cell anemia, 156
    amino acid sequence, 155
    gene for, 183, 184, 185
    selection pressure on, 171, 183-85, 221
Simons, E. L., 98
Simpson, G. G., 46, 49, 215
    on evolutionary taxonomist position, 83, 86
    on moral precepts, 299
    on morphological and genetic evolution, 206
Sinanthropus pekinensis, 108, 113
Sire, James, 289
skepticism, 237
skin pigmentation, 188, 189, 190
Skinner, B. F., 284
skull(s), 97-98, 100-101, 102, 103, 105, 107-17 passim
    Ehringsdorf, 117
    H. erectus, 109, 110, 113-14
    KNM-ER-1470, 107, 108, 117
    Neanderthal, 109, 114
    Peking, 112, 113
    Steinheim, 117
    Swanscombe, 117
Smith, Adam, 282
Smith, William, 58
Snow, R. J., 255
Social Darwinists, 281-82
social institutions, 283
society, influenced by evolution, 280
sociology, and evolution, 281
Spallanzani, Lazzaro, 192
special theory of evolution, 53, 176 (see also microevolution)
speciation, 53, 211
    allopatric, 225
    allopolyploidy in, 202-3
    autopolyploidy in, 202
    four stages of, 187
    in macroevolution, 201
    is natural selection in effect, 224
    polyploidy, 51, 201-4
    as "punctuations," 224
    sympatric, 51, 203
species
    ancestral, 126
    concept of, 29-31
    fixity of, 30
    definition of, 31, 82, 204
    dimorphism in, 31
    diversification of, 125
    endemic, 126
    and phylogeny, 211
    polymorphism, 31
    selection, 224-25
    sympatric, 30, 225
    synchronous, 31
Spencer, Herbert, 29, 298
spontaneous generation, 27, 53, 249, 296
    circumstantial evidence for, 176
    demise of theory, 191-95
Staphylolococcus aureus, 180-81
Star Formation Model, 261
streptomycin, 40-42, 227
Studies in Genesis One (Young), 261
struggle for existence, 29, 280
Sumner, William Graham, 279
survival of the fittest, 29, 227, 280
Sutton, W. S., 43
swan-necked flasks, 193
symbiosis, 131
synthetic theory of evolution, 53, 191 (see also macroevolution)
 

Taung, 100, 101-2
taxa, 83, 86
taxonomists, 31, 83, 205
taxonomy, 30, 83
Teilhard De Chardin, Pierre, 288
teleology, 226-27
terrestrial paleomagnetism, 123-24
Tertiary period, 84, 124, 213
tetraploid, 202
tetrapods, 134-35
theism, Christian, 299
theistic evolutionist, 246-47, 252-54, 266-67
Theory of the Earth (Hutton), 56
thermodynamics
    second law of, 197, 199, 309
    Spencer influenced by, 280
Theropithecus galada (see baboon)
tiepoints, in dating, 75, 78
Timaeus (Plato), 261
Tobias, P., 104
tonsils, vestigial organ, 141
tool(s), 104, 105, 108, 112
    chopping, 112, 114
    hand ax, 114
    Neanderthal, 116
    Oldowan pebble, 104, 105
toolmaking, 104, 266
transformation, bacterial, 145
transforming principle, 146
translation in DNA, 148, 150-51
    initiation, 151
    termination, 151
transpecific evolution, 201, 295 (see also macroevolution)
Triassic period, 76, 85, 124, 213
trilobites, 87
Triticum, 203-4, 205
tropical, 115-16
[336]
truth
    Christian search for, 269
    by deduction, 236
    Dewey on, 278
    human reason and, 276
    by inductive reasoning, 236-37
    search for, 235-37
Tschermak, 38
Tyndall, John, 193-94
Tyndall's box, 193, 194
 

uniformitarianism, 55-57
    fiat creationists on, 252
    reevaluated, 82
universal cataclysm, 251 (see also Deluge; Flood; Noachian Deluge; Noachian Flood)
universe, an organism, 277
Ussher, Archbishop, 252
utilitarianism, 281
 

variations, discontinuous, 42
Veblen, Thorstein, 282-83
Velikovsky, 1., 56
vertebra
    arch, 89, 132
        intercentrum (hypocentrum) in, 89, 132, 134
        pleurocentra in, 89, 132, 134
        rachitomous in, 132, 134
    evolution of, 132, 134, 135
    husk, 89, 135
        of Lysorophus, 89
        notochord in, 89, 135
vertebrate assemblages, 102
vertebrates
    amino acid substitutions in, 210
    evolutionary rates of, 213
    marine, 224
vestigial organs, in humans, 137-43
    appendix, 138-39
    coccygeal vertebrae, 140, 141
    pineal body, 140
    plica semilunaris, 140, 141
    tonsils, 141
Vinci, Leonardo da, 55
visceral pouch, 142, 143-44
vital fluid, 33, 34, 40
"vital force," 192
volcanic action, 306
volcanics, 75, 78
Von Baer, Karl Ernst, 143
Von Baer's law, 143
von Bernhardi, 285
von Helmont, 191
von Leeuwenhoek, Anton, 191
 

Wallace, Alfred R., 29
war(s), 112, 281, 289
Ward, Lester, 281
Watson, J., 146, 147
Watson, James Broadus, 286
week, creative, 302, 305
Weinberg, G., 168-'70
Weismann, August, 40
whales
    convergence in, 52
    homologous bones in, 132, 133
    vestigial structures of, 141
wheat, 203-5 (see also Triticum)
Whitcomb, J. C., 268
world view
    Christian theism, as, 234, 238-39
    dualism, Platonic, 234-35, 237
    empiricism, as, 236
    evolutionism, as, 299
    Gnostism, as, 237
    humanistic, 239, 299
    materialistic, 238, 299
    mechanistic, 238
    monism, Aristotelian, as, 234-35, 238
    naturalistic, 238-39, 299
    Platonism, as, 237
    skepticism, as, 237
    theistic Christianity as, 228, 238-39
Wright, J. Frederick, 309
Wright, S., 45
 

Young, Davis, 269
Young, E. J. (Studies in Genesis One), 261
young earth, 246
young-earth theory, 252
 

Zinjanthropus, 100, 104